Circle-Vision 360°
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Circle-Vision 360° is a
film format A film format is a technical definition of a set of standard characteristics regarding image capture on photographic film for still images or film stock for filmmaking. It can also apply to projected film, either slides or movies. The primary ...
developed by
The Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney (), is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was originally founded on October ...
that uses projection screens which encircle the audience. Circle-Vision 360° developed from the Circarama format, which uses eleven 16 mm projectors. The first Circarama film was ''
A Tour of the West A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes' ...
'' (1955). For the movie '' Italia '61'', the number of cameras was reduced to nine, and the 16 mm film was shown using 35 mm projectors. In 1965, Circle-Vision 360° made its official debut, in a nine-camera, 35 mm format. At least one reason for the renaming from Circarama was objections by the owners of
Cinerama Cinerama is a widescreen process that originally projected images simultaneously from three synchronized 35mm projectors onto a huge, deeply curved screen, subtending 146° of arc. The trademarked process was marketed by the Cinerama corporati ...
to the similarity between the two names. In both the Circarama and Circle-Vision 360° formats, the screens are arranged in a circle around the audience, with small gaps between the screens. The number of screens (eleven or nine) being odd results in a gap being opposite of each screen in the circle. The projectors are placed in these gaps, above the heads of the viewers. Railings are sometimes provided to steady the audience members while viewing the film. The cameras and projection systems for both Circarama and Circle-Vision 360° were designed by longtime Disney animator and visual effects pioneer
Ub Iwerks Ubbe Ert Iwwerks (March 24, 1901 – July 7, 1971), known as Ub Iwerks ( ), was an American animator, cartoonist, character designer, inventor, and special effects technician. Born in Kansas City, Missouri, Iwerks grew up with a contentious ...
. Circle-Vision 360° cameras have been mounted on top of automobiles for travelog scenes. For ''
The Timekeeper ''The Timekeeper'' (also known as ''From Time to Time'' and ''Un Voyage à Travers le Temps'') was a 1992 Circle-Vision 360° film that was presented at three Disney parks around the world. It was the first Circle-Vision show that was arranged ...
'' (1992), static cameras and CGI effects were used. At one time, every one of the Disney Resorts then open had at least one Circle-Vision 360° theater. The
Epcot Epcot, stylized in all uppercase as EPCOT, is a theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida. It is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks, Experiences and Products division. Inspired by an unreal ...
theme park has the only two still operating as of 2022. Circarama and Circle-Vision 360° films have also been featured at various
world's fair A world's fair, also known as a universal exhibition or an expo, is a large international exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specif ...
s.


Circarama and Circle-Vision 360° films

''A Tour of the West'' and the original 1958 version of ''America the Beautiful'' were shot in Circarama. ''Italia '61'' was filmed in 16 mm and billed as a Circarama movie, but was shown using nine 35 mm projectors. All other films in the table were shot in Circle-Vision 360°. Sources:


Circarama and Circle-Vision 360° theaters

The theaters at Expo 58 and Disneyland were built as Circarama theaters. The latter would be upgraded to the Circle-Vision 360° system. Although the theater at Expo 61 predated the use of the Circle-Vision 360° name, it used nine 35 mm projectors. All other theaters in the tables were built as Circle-Vision 360° theaters.


Disney theme parks

Years in parentheses after a film title indicate the versions of the movie shown at the theater.


Expos


See also

*
List of film formats This list of motion picture film formats catalogues formats developed for shooting or viewing motion pictures, ranging from the Chronophotographe format from 1888, to mid-20th century Film format, formats such as the 1953 CinemaScope format, to m ...
*
Cinéorama Cinéorama was an early film experiment and amusement ride presented for the first time at the Exposition Universelle (1900), 1900 Paris Exposition. It was invented by Raoul Grimoin-Sanson and it simulated a ride in a hot air balloon over Paris. ...
*
Bell Canada Pavilion (Expo 67) The Telephone Pavilion, also known as the Bell Telephone Pavilion and formally named the Telephone Association of Canada Pavilion, was a part of Expo 67, an International World's Fair held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 1967 to mark the centenary ...


Note


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Circle-Vision 360 Walt Disney Parks and Resorts attractions Epcot Motion picture film formats Tomorrowland Multi-screen film Panoramic cameras